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【專欄】王勤伯:只懂足球的人,其實對足球一無所知

王勤伯09-11 07:53

文/王勤伯

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從費(fèi)內(nèi)巴切下課后的第二天,穆里尼奧回到了葡萄牙老家。  

一些葡萄牙記者在機(jī)場等候他,穆里尼奧對未來未予置評:“我先回家,看看里斯本競技對波爾圖的比賽,然后和家人共進(jìn)晚餐?!?/p>

穆里尼奧從費(fèi)內(nèi)巴切下課的導(dǎo)火索是球隊在歐冠資格賽最后一輪不敵本菲卡,無緣正賽。在土超執(zhí)教15個月后被解雇,穆里尼奧及其團(tuán)隊將獲得1500萬歐元的賠償金。

“已經(jīng)結(jié)束的,就已經(jīng)結(jié)束了,”對于各種提問,穆里尼奧如此回應(yīng)媒體。

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從費(fèi)內(nèi)巴切下課,對穆里尼奧的職業(yè)生涯打擊可能比之前在任何一支球隊被解雇都要沉重。這是他20年來首次遠(yuǎn)離五大聯(lián)賽,而費(fèi)內(nèi)巴切是一支底蘊(yùn)深厚、愿意投入打造陣容的豪門球隊。然而,穆里尼奧不僅未能率領(lǐng)費(fèi)內(nèi)巴切奪回聯(lián)賽冠軍,還連續(xù)兩年止步歐冠資格賽。在之前的執(zhí)教生涯中,除了熱刺時期,穆里尼奧至少能拿到些許小獎杯,例如在曼聯(lián)的小三冠,在羅馬的歐協(xié)杯(并打進(jìn)次年歐聯(lián)杯決賽),而在土耳其他卻顆粒無收,倒是留下了很多爭議,例如在對加拉塔薩雷的比賽中捏了對方主教練的鼻子……或許,去土超執(zhí)教,穆里尼奧從一開始就暗藏著很多不情愿。

像他一樣在五大聯(lián)賽豪門或準(zhǔn)豪門連續(xù)執(zhí)教20年的主教練極為罕見,他完全可以憑借自己的名氣前往沙特等聯(lián)賽賺取高薪。然而,他內(nèi)心不服輸,從熱刺到羅馬,再到費(fèi)內(nèi)巴切,接受這幾個去處就像是刻意留在頂級聯(lián)賽豪門周圍徘徊,等待東山再起的機(jī)會,如安切洛蒂從埃弗頓回歸皇馬。期間,葡萄牙人曾向拜仁、巴黎等隊自薦,然而,沒有人再召喚他,幾乎所有豪門都傾向選擇更年輕、更具新潮氣質(zhì)的主帥,這兩個詞與穆里尼奧漸行漸遠(yuǎn)。

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職業(yè)生涯斬獲26座獎杯的穆里尼奧酷似某種類型的網(wǎng)紅。當(dāng)他成功時,人們?yōu)樗麩崃覛g呼,但也有許多人不斷積攢針對他獨特個性的情緒。一旦他失敗,這些情緒便會爆發(fā),化為對他的集中嘲諷。  

意大利著名評論員保羅·孔多在《晚郵報》發(fā)表了一段評論。他指出,穆里尼奧被解雇的消息恰逢國際米蘭前主席莫拉蒂因病入院之際,引發(fā)了人們對時光流逝的感傷?!岸嗄陙?,他的每一段執(zhí)教經(jīng)歷幾乎都以被解雇告終:在費(fèi)內(nèi)巴切之前,是羅馬、熱刺、曼聯(lián),以及第二次執(zhí)教切爾西?!?nbsp;

保羅·孔多認(rèn)為:“穆里尼奧的悖論在于,他的成功與‘足球’本身關(guān)聯(lián)甚少。在25年的執(zhí)教生涯中,他贏得的26座獎杯令人矚目,但他的戰(zhàn)術(shù)從不以創(chuàng)新或靈感著稱。他依靠低位防守和精準(zhǔn)反擊取勝,擅長在比賽末段通過換上多名進(jìn)攻球員制造混亂,并往往比對手更善于掌控這種局面。他的‘特別’并非源于技戰(zhàn)術(shù),而是天生的領(lǐng)袖魅力——一種近乎魔性的氣場,讓他既能贏得球迷狂熱的忠誠,也會招致對手無盡的敵意。”  

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這位金球獎投票人還說:“穆里尼奧是足球從大眾運(yùn)動轉(zhuǎn)型為全球娛樂的最佳詮釋者之一。他如戰(zhàn)時將軍般的氣場,以及屢試不爽的劇本——控訴裁判的‘陰謀’、嘲笑對手、甚至對敵方教練的身體挑釁——總能激發(fā)相同的狂熱追隨。穆里尼奧能讓追隨者甘愿為他赴湯蹈火,他說三冠王國際米蘭的更衣室愿意為他穿越地獄。然而,內(nèi)部的反對聲音也隨之而來:皇馬的卡西利亞斯、拉莫斯和C羅,曼聯(lián)表現(xiàn)不佳的波巴,羅馬心存疑慮的隊長佩萊格里尼……這些人最終喊出了‘國王沒有穿衣服’……穆里尼奧是最典型的‘自我實現(xiàn)的預(yù)言’。他是一個天才,但前提是無人質(zhì)疑,否則便有暴露‘空無一物’的風(fēng)險?!?nbsp; 

保羅·孔多代表了意大利足球?qū)δ吕锬釆W較為主流的一種看法。人們承認(rèn)穆里尼奧帶領(lǐng)國際米蘭奪得三冠王是意甲俱樂部最后的歐戰(zhàn)巔峰,但隨著時間推移,又越發(fā)認(rèn)為葡萄牙人“不過如此”,尤其認(rèn)為他對足球技戰(zhàn)術(shù)的貢獻(xiàn)微乎其微,將他的成就歸結(jié)于對情緒的掌控能力。  

然而,穆里尼奧真的如他們所說的一樣“空無一物”嗎?

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足球?qū)κ≌呷狈τ洃?,哪怕對曾?jīng)極致輝煌的失敗者也一樣。

實際上,只需翻閱十幾年前的報紙,大家就會發(fā)現(xiàn),若有人觀摩過穆里尼奧的球隊訓(xùn)練,那簡直是一種超五星級的鍍金體驗。

穆里尼奧的訓(xùn)練方法在那個年代被認(rèn)為極具創(chuàng)新價值,例如全程有球訓(xùn)練、模擬比賽節(jié)奏的強(qiáng)度設(shè)計。但既然很快被其他人學(xué)會了,就不再有新意了。在意大利人眼中,只有像薩基、瓜迪奧拉這樣締造了戰(zhàn)術(shù)革命的教練,才算“成功與足球關(guān)聯(lián)甚多”。然而,意大利人又如何解釋像孔蒂、阿萊格里這樣的教練?他們是否也為足球帶來了諸多新意?  

頗具諷刺的是,意大利引以為傲的防守反擊戰(zhàn)術(shù),穆里尼奧是其集大成者和勝利者,同時也是終結(jié)者。意大利足球自己也明白,堅持過去的那一套已是死路一條,近十幾年來,一直在改革、創(chuàng)新、碰壁、失敗、偶有成績之間徘徊,不管怎樣,輝煌已不再。  

被廣泛忽略的是,穆里尼奧為葡萄牙教練開辟了一條道路。葡萄牙只有1000萬人口,卻迅速成為教練出口大國。在穆里尼奧之后,涌現(xiàn)出眾多在各國取得成功的葡萄牙教練。他們身上沒有意大利教練那種以防守為先、注重成績下限的鮮明戰(zhàn)術(shù)傳統(tǒng),但與穆里尼奧分享著同一種哲學(xué)——“足球運(yùn)動人本論”。  

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這可能是21世紀(jì)關(guān)于世界足球最重要的理念,源自葡萄牙哲學(xué)家曼努埃爾·塞爾吉奧。塞爾吉奧是穆里尼奧在里斯本運(yùn)動科學(xué)學(xué)院的教授,后來成為他數(shù)十年的導(dǎo)師和親密顧問。兩人初遇時,年輕的穆里尼奧對塞爾吉奧的“身體活動哲學(xué)”課程興致寥寥,他的目標(biāo)是投身于職業(yè)足球,認(rèn)為這門課程抽象而無用。

是塞爾吉奧以近乎神諭的口吻告訴穆里尼奧:“只懂足球的人,其實對足球一無所知?!?/p>

這句話對當(dāng)時年輕的穆里尼奧如雷貫耳,讓他重新理解足球,需洞察其人性基礎(chǔ),關(guān)注其復(fù)雜性,融入教育學(xué)、心理學(xué)、哲學(xué)、政治和歷史的視角,而非局限于技戰(zhàn)術(shù)。 

今年去世的曼努埃爾·塞爾吉奧將畢生學(xué)術(shù)與職業(yè)生涯奉獻(xiàn)給體育,專注于運(yùn)動領(lǐng)域的哲學(xué)思考。他影響了幾乎所有葡萄牙教練,與若熱·熱蘇斯等人建立了深厚友誼。他的思想強(qiáng)調(diào)人在體育中的中心性,另一句總結(jié)性格言是:“足球并不存在,只有踢足球的人存在?!?nbsp; 

這正是穆里尼奧橫空出世時如此與眾不同的原因,他從一開始就脫掉了教練的外衣,在任何話題上都會引發(fā)人的討論。他的個人影響遠(yuǎn)超波爾圖贏得歐冠的童話。問題不在于穆里尼奧是否以個性渲染取代了技戰(zhàn)術(shù),而是在現(xiàn)代足球競爭越發(fā)尖端和復(fù)雜化的今天,本身就在呼喚“不僅僅懂足球”的教練。穆里尼奧無法被模仿,卻給很多教練提供了啟發(fā)。

穆里尼奧絕非完美,他本就一直在證明沒有人是完人,但他的足球遺產(chǎn)將長久令人回味。

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本文原載于第922期《足球周刊》

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